演讲稿范文:Risks and challenges of the EU expansion演讲范文是一篇经典的演讲稿范文，你可以先模仿，然后融会贯通
发布时间：2017-05-01
i.introduction
forseveralyearsnowtheeuropeanunionisdiscussingapossibleenlargement,becauseseveraleuropeancountrieshaveappliedformembershipintheeu.theseareespeciallytheformersocialistcountriesineasterneurope,thathaveclearlyturnedtowardsthewestsincethecollapseoftheironcurtain.thesecountriesarebulgaria,thebalticcountrieslatvia,lithuaniaandestonia,poland,romania,theslovakrepublic,theczechrepublic,sloveniaandhungary.
inadditionturkey,cyprusandmaltaaretryingforquitesometimealreadytojointheeu.theseapplicationarenottobeacceptedwithoutanyfurtherdeliberationbecausetheydobringalongsomerisksandtheconsequencesarehardtodistinguishthereforethesecountriesarenotveryexpectedjoiningtheeuropeanunioninthenearfutureandwillthereforenotbeincludedinthefollowingevaluation.
ii.risksandchallenges
ifwewantstoevaluatetherisksandchallengesofanupcomingenlargementoftheeu,weshouldfirsttakeintoaccountexperiencesgainedduringpreviousexpansionwhichweretosomeextentcomparable.herethesouthernexpansionfrom1986shouldbementionedwheretwoeconomicallypatheticcountriessoughtadmissiontothetheneuropeancommunity.theadmissionprocedureofthesetwocandidates,beingspainandportugal,werelengthyandconsideredveryproblembearing.especiallytheamountofproducethatwouldaddtothealreadyexistingagriculturalover-productionofthecommunitywasseentobeaproblemsinceitwouldincreasetheloadontheeuropeanbudget.
butseenfromaglobaleconomicalperspectivethejoiningofspainandportugalwasoverallpositivefortheecandthetwocountries,althoughspainstruggledwithafurtherriseofunemploymentanddisparitieswithinthecommunitywerefurtheramplified.
thedisparitieswithintheunionwillmostcertainlyincreasewhenitcomestoaneasternexpansion,buttheagriculturalproblemwillnotbeanissue,becausethecandidateshavenotgottheirfocusonagriculture,alreadybecauseoftheircommunistheritagewhichfocusedonindustryratherthanonagricultureorthetertiarysector.
incaseoftheapproachingexpansiontowardseasterneuropetheunionwillhavetoresolveseveralproblems,themostseverebeingwithoutanydoubtthefinancialonethatwillgoalongwiththeextension,estimatedtobe?5-?6billionannually,justforthetechnologicallyunderdevelopedagricultureinthenewmemberstates.
thefinancialproblemwillalsoleadtoatemporarydiscontentamongthepopulationoftheexistingmembers,sincethefinancialloadonthecountrieswillcausebudgetcutsbecausethenewmemberswillundoubtedlybelongtothepayeesratherthanthepayers.especiallythemediterraneanmembers,forinstanceitaly,spainetc.fearcutsintheirsubsidiesparticularlytheagriculturalones,andagricultureisalreadymakingupthebiggestpartoftheeu′sbudget.
ofcourseitisalsotobequestionedwhetherwiththejoiningofeconomicallyweakcountriestheeconomiesofthe"richer"membersarenotweakened.
whatshouldbetakenintoconsiderationaswellistheimpactthejoiningwillhaveonthepopulationofthecandidates,especiallyconsideringtherightstheywillgainwhentheyarecitizensoftheeuropeancommunity.theydothenhavetherighttosettleandworkanywherewithinthecommunity,thiscouldleadtoalargeamountofpeoplepouringintotheoldmembercountriestryingtoseekworkthereandmaketheirliving.andsincemostoftheeuropeancountriesarealreadystrugglingwithhighunemploymentthehighratescouldbepushedupfurtherandthediscontentamongthepopulationcouldworsen,especiallyagainstthebackgroundofneo-nazisingermanyandothercountriessuchasbritainoritaly.offcoursethiswouldonlybeatemporaryproblem,whichwouldsolveitselfovertimeasthenewmembersdevelopeconomically,butstillthiscouldprovetobeamajorissue.
ofcoursetheircomesalsoaminorproblemalongwiththeexpansion,thisproblembeingevenmorelanguagesthanthetwelve,alreadybeingused,inwhicheucommunicationswouldhavetobecarriedoutaddingtothealreadyhugeadministrativebodyoftheeuropeanunionandalsocausingfurthercostsoftheeu.
butbecausetheexpansionrepresentsapoliticalnecessityoneshouldalsotakeintoaccountthepositiveaspectscausedbysuchahistoricevent.withtheexpansionthecontinentwouldtakeahugesteptowardstheethnicintegrationwithineurope,differentcultureswouldbefacingeachotherandcouldalsoprofitfromeachother.alsotheglobalcompetitivenessoftheeuagainsttheusaandasiawouldimproveandanothersteptowardsglobalpeacewouldbeundertaken.
iii.changesinadministration
itisobviousthatanexpansionpotentiallyincludingtencountrieswouldnotbefeasiblewithoutfundamentalinstitutionalreforms.
forinstancewiththeexistingstructureoftheunionwhichallocatesmostofthepowertotheeuropeancouncil,whereeachmemberstatehasonevote,itwouldbeimaginablethatsmallermemberswouldhaveamajorityoverthelargermembers.exceptforpoland,whichisbypopulationcomparabletospainandwouldconsequentlybealargemember,allothercandidatesarerelativelysmallinsizeanpopulation.
anotherpointisthatwithmorethantwentymembersthedecisionfindingandmakingprocessneedstobecompletelyreconsidered,soitrepresentstheactualsizeofthemembercountriesintermsofpopulationratherthangivingeachmemberavetoandespeciallyonesinglevote.theexistingvotingandweightingsystemisalsoalreadymakingthedecisionfindingprocessapainfullyandlengthyone,anothertendifferentopinionsaddedtothiswouldmakeitvirtuallyimpossibletocometoanagreementthatatleastpartiallysatisfiesallmembersandisthereforebeingsupportedandnotvetoedagainst.
achanged"legislature"wouldalsokeepthedemocraticthoughtthattheentireeuisbasedonaliveandnotvanishitliketheexistingsystem.
whatshouldalsobepointedoutisthefactthatanincreaseinmemberscouldleadtonewcoalitionswithintheunionandalsoincreasecompetitionamongtheindividualcountries.thereareevencriticsthatfearthataneasternexpansioncouldleadtoashiftinpowertowardsthereunifiedgermany,sincethepotentialnewmembersarealreadyheavilyboundandleaningtowardsgermany.
whatshouldalsobeconsideredisachangeineuropeanagriculturalpolicy,whichshouldactuallybereformedalready.thesystemofmilkquotas,subsidiesetc.whichsubsidisesanover-productioninmanyareas,justnottoinfuriatethefarmers,becausesmallerfarmswouldnotbeabletosurvivewithoutthesubsidiesandtheentirefaceoftheeuropeanprimarysectorwouldchangeiscompletelyoutdated.thissystemcoulddefinitelynolongerbekeptupwithevenmorefarmerstosupport.
iv.successfulwithoutabsorbingthenewmembers?
itisobviousthatthisquestionneedstobeansweredwithaclearno.theexistingmembersoftheeuarealreadybeingabsorbedbyitandtheyhaveallchosenthisfaith.thegoalsoftheeuropeanuniondostatethelossofsovereigntyintheareasofeconomicandcurrencypolitics,thelatteronealreadyrealized,alsointhepoliticalareasofsocialpolitics,education,research,consumerprotection,healthandalsoenvironmentalissues.nowonecouldarguehowmanyofthesegoalsneedtoberealizedinorderfortheeutobesuccessful,fromthebritishpointofviewforexamplethecooperationineconomicissuesandthecreationofthesinglemarkethavealreadybeenenough,consideringtheiropiniontowardsthemaastrichttreaty.
ifonewouldseeitfromthebritishpointofviewtheeucouldbesuccessfulwithoutabsorbingthenewmembers,butsincemostothercountrieswouldliketoseetheabovementionedgoalsimpliedandwouldliketorealizethedreamofdegaulle,adenauerandothersof"theunitedstatesofeurope",thenewmemberswouldsurrenderahugepartoftheirsovereigntyandconsequentlywouldbeabsorbedbytheeu,especiallyconsideringthattheywilljoininacoupleofyearsattheearliestwheneuropeanintegrationwillhopefullyhaveadvancedbeyondthepointitistoday.
anotherpointonecouldconsideriswhatwouldhappeniftheeuropeanintegrationwouldfurtheradvanceuptothepointoftheunitedstatesofeuropewithoutanynewcountriesjoining.thiswouldcreateanothersuperpoweralongsidetheusaandthethennon-memberswouldliveintheshadowoftheeuorwhateveritsnamewouldbebythattimeandalsobeabsorbedbytheenormouspower,inanyterms,oftheirbigneighbourjustlikethecaribbean,canadaandmexico,eventheentireamericasarebytheusa.sotheconclusiondrawnbythiscouldbethatthecentralandeasterneuropeancountrieswouldbebetteroffinanycaseiftheyjoinedtheeueveniftheyhadtosurrendermuchoftheirsovereignty.
sources:
(1)http://wsw.europa.eu.int/(march17th,XX)
(2)http://idw.tu-clausthal.de/public/zeige_pm.html?pmid=26445(april5th,XX)
(3)informationenzurpolitischenbildung:europäischeunion(bpb,1995)
(4)microsoftencarta98
(5)mittel-undosteuropaaufdemwegindieeuropäischeunion(wernerweidenfeld,verlagbertelsmannstiftung,1996)
(6)http://wsw.e-politik.de/beitrag.cfm?beitrag_id=559(april1st,XX)
risksandchallengesoftheeuexpansion
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