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发布时间：2017年代末期，人类登上了月球，去了深海。通过电视，我们看到了不同的动物和地方。这都是我们不曾想象的。这种氛围中，我不知不觉地喜欢上了科幻小说。
每当我看完小说，故事中的影像就会在我脑海中不断放映。或许是因为创造力必须找到一个发泄方式，我开始画外星人、机器人、飞船……我甚至会在数学课上在课本的背面画画。
对科幻小说的不断接触让我想到：外星人不一定生存在外太空，他们很有可能就生活在我们星球上。所以15岁时，我决定成为一个潜水员。而当时实现梦想唯一的问题是我生活在加拿大的一个小山村，离最近的海有6英里远。
但我父亲并没有让这成为我梦想的障碍，他在边境对岸的美国纽约州布法罗找到了一个潜水培训班。于是我便在布法罗的一个泳池里获得了潜水证书。直到两年后，当我们全家搬到加州，我才第一次有机会真正地潜水。
在这之后的40年里，我在海底大约总共花了3万个小时。大海如此丰富多彩，众多神奇的生物生活其中。比起我们的想象力，自然的想象力完全没有边界。我想，至今我对大海的了解还是很少，但我对海洋的好奇却一直延续着。
电影魔法师与科学体验
但长大后，我并没有成为一名潜水员，我选择的职业是电影。我喜欢讲故事，画图画，电影看起来是最合适的工作。当然，我讲述的故事都是科幻的——终结者、外星人等等。
我也将我对潜水的热爱和电影融合在了一起。拍摄《深渊》时，我有了一些有趣的想法。当我们要塑造一个水状的生物时，我们使用了“计算机生成动画”——cg。cg的应用产生了电影历史上第一个软表面、电脑制成的形象。虽然这部电影使公司差点亏本，但全世界的观众被这种新技术所震撼。
根据亚瑟·克拉克定律——任何高难度的技术和魔法没有什么区别，很多人觉得自己看到了一些“神奇”的东西。这使我感到很兴奋。我想cg应该被用到电影艺术中去。
所以，在我接下来的电影《终结者2》中，我把这种技术又推近了一步，创造了一个金属人。我又变了一次魔术。这部电影很成功，我们赚了一些钱。
作为一个电影人，我看到了一个全新的世界，一个全新的未来。于是我和好友斯坦·温斯顿创立了一家公司，叫做“数领域”。公司的概念是要跳过普通的电影制作直接进入数电影制作。我们也是这么做的，这也使得我们在一段时间内有了一定的优势。但在90年代中期，我发现我们有些落后了。
我写《阿凡达》这部电影，就是想要推动整个视觉体验以及动画效果的进步。让电影人物跳出人们想象的框架，完全用动画效果诠释人物表情。但一开始，员工告诉我，他们还没有能力做到。于是我把《阿凡达》放在了一边，转而制作了另一部电影——《泰坦尼克号》。
在为《泰坦尼克号》寻找投资商时，我告诉制作人这是一部关于爱情的电影。它的故事就像罗密欧与朱丽叶一样凄美动人。而事实上，我自己真正想做的是，潜入海底探寻真正的泰坦尼克号。这是我的真心话，电影公司并不知道。
我告诉他们，我们要沉入海底，拍摄泰坦尼克号真实的画面。我们将把这个片段放在首映式上展现，这将会引起很大的轰动，票房也会很好。令人意外，电影公司真的同意出钱，支持我去探索泰坦尼克号。
虽然到现在我仍觉得有些疯狂，但这就是“想象创造了现实”。两个月后，我在北大西洋的一艘俄罗斯潜艇里用肉眼看到真正的泰坦尼克号。
《泰坦尼克号》的拍摄体验给我很大震撼。虽然我们要做很多准备工作，但令我震惊的是，这次深海拍摄就像是一次外太空旅行——尖端的科技，繁杂的计划，环境的危险，我仿佛置身于一本科幻小说中。
我发现我们可以想象一个生物，但是我想我永远无法想象出透过潜艇窗所看到的那些生物。我看见了一些我从未看见的东西，也看见了一些从来没有被人看见过的东西，因为当我们拍下它们时，他们还没有被科学所描述。我被震撼了。我必须做更多。
在《泰坦尼克号》成功后，我做了一个决定：暂停我的主业——好莱坞导演，做一段时间全职探险家。于是我们开始策划一些探险。在自动探测车帮助下，我们去了些危险的地方。我们发明了技术，对泰坦尼克号残骸做了一次全面勘测，使它再次重现在人们面前。
通过一种会飞行的自动探测仪，我可以坐在一个潜艇里探索泰坦尼克号的内部。当我在操作仪器时，我的脑子就像是在这些探测仪中。我感觉我自己真的到了泰坦尼克号上。这是一种最令人兴奋的似曾相识的感觉。我知道假如我在这里转个弯，我将会看到什么。因为我已经在另一个完全一样的泰坦尼克号复制品上工作了好几个月。
这是一次不同寻常的体验。它让我感觉到，远程监控的能量。你的意识可以被注入这些机器或注入另一种存在中。这种体验非常深刻。或许几十年后，当半机器人出现，或者任何后人类生物出现时，人们会对这种感觉习以为常。
在这些探险之后，我开始真正感谢这些存在于海底的生物。这些生物基本上对于我们来说就是外星生物。它们生活在一个化学合成的环境之中。它们无法像我们一样存活于太阳之下。同时，从小被科幻小说影响的我对于太空科学也非常感兴趣。
我进入了nasa的顾问委员会，策划真正的太空行程，让宇航员带着3d摄像机进入太空站。这些非常有趣，但我真正想做的是将这些太空专家带入深海，让他们看看深海，取一些样本。所以我们既做了纪录片，也在做科学。这些事业将我整个人生很好地整合了起来。
发现团队的力量
在发现的旅途中，我学到了很多。我学到的不仅仅是科学知识，还有领导力。很多人以为作为导演，就一定具有很高的领导力。但我却是从这些探险中学到如何带领团队。
在探险时，有时候我会问自己，我为什么会在这里?为什么要做这些纪录片?我从中得到了什么?我们并没有从这些纪录片中赚钱，还差点亏了本。我也没有赚到名声。很多人以为我在《泰坦尼克号》之后就一直躺在沙滩边享受。
那我在做什么呢?我做这些其实只是为了这件任务本身。为了挑战——海洋是现存最危险的环境;为了发现;也为了一种奇怪的关系——一个由很少人组成的紧密团队。我们这10到12个人在一起工作了很多年。有时要在海里一起工作2到3个月。
在这种关系中，我发现最重要的东西就是尊重。我在这里为了你，你在这里为了我。每个人做的工作都无法向其他人解释。我们必须建立起一种关系，建立尊重。
当我开始拍摄《阿凡达》时，我试着将这种互相尊重的领导力原则应用在电影拍摄中。很快情况就改变了。在《阿凡达》拍摄过程中，我的团队也很小，也在未知领地工作，创造新的科技，这非常有意思，非常有挑战。四年半时间，我们成为了一个家庭。这完全改变了我以前拍电影的方式。
有评论文章说，卡梅隆把海底的一些生物放到了潘多拉星球上是其影片成功的原因，而对于我来说，做事的基本法则以及过程本身改变了事情的结果。
最后，总结一下。我学到了什么?
第一：好奇心，这是你拥有的最重要的东西;
第二：想象力，这是你创造现实最重要的力量;
第三：对团队的尊重，这是比世界上其他定律更重要的定律。
有不少年轻电影导演向我讨教成功经验，我对他们说：“不要给自己划定界限。别人会为你去划边界，但你自己千万别去。你要去冒险。失败是你其中一个选项，但畏惧不是。从来没有一次探险是在有完全安全保障的情况下完成的。你必须愿意承担这些风险。”谢谢大家!(掌声)
Ted英文演讲稿:Whatfearcanteachusted英文演讲稿（2）|返回目录onedayin1819,3,000milesoffthecoastofchile,inoneofthemostremoteregionsofthepacificocean,2017年的某一天，在距离智利海岸3000英里的地方，有一个太平洋上的最偏远的水域，2017年而抛弃这种恐惧，这也许并不是巧合。
thesameincredibleimaginationsthatproduced"theoriginofspecies,""janeeyre"and"theremembranceofthingspast,"alsogeneratedintenseworriesthathauntedtheadultlivesofcharlesdarwin,charlottebrontĂŤandmarcelproust.sothequestionis,whatcantherestofuslearnaboutfearfromvisionariesandyoungchildren?
同样不可思议的想象力创造了《物种起源》，《简·爱》和《追忆似水年华》，也就是这种与生俱来的深深的担忧一直缠绕着成年的查尔斯·达尔文，夏洛特·勃朗特和马塞尔·普罗斯特。问题就来了，我们其他人如何能从这些梦想家和小孩子身上学会恐惧?
welllet'sreturntotheyear1819foramoment,tothesituationfacingthecrewofthewhaleshipessex.let'stakealookatthefearsthattheirimaginationsweregeneratingastheydriftedinthemiddleofthepacific.
让我们暂时回到1819年，回到essex捕鲸船的水手们面对的情况。让我们看看他们漂流在太平洋中央时他们的想象力给他们带来的恐惧感觉。
twenty-fourhourshadnowpassedsincethecapsizingoftheship.thetimehadcomeforthementomakeaplan,buttheyhadveryfewoptions.
船倾覆后已经过了24个小时。这时人们制定了一个计划，但是其实他们没什么太多的选择。
inhisfascinatingaccountofthedisaster,nathanielphilbrickwrotethatthesemenwerejustaboutasfarfromlandasitwaspossibletobeanywhereonearth.
在纳撒尼尔·菲尔布里克(nathanielphilbrick)描述这场灾难的动人文章中，他写到“这些人离陆地如此之远，似乎永远都不可能到达地球上的任何一块陆地。”
themenknewthatthenearestislandstheycouldreachwerethemarquesasislands,1,2017年后写到：essex船上遇难者的悲惨结局或许是可以通过人为的努力避免的，如果他们当机立断地离开沉船，直奔塔西提群岛。
but,"asmelvilleputit,"theydreadedcannibals."sothequestionis,whydidthesemendreadcannibalssomuchmorethantheextremelikelihoodofstarvation?
“但是”，梅尔维尔说道：“他们害怕食人族”问题是，为什么这些人对于食人族的恐惧超过了更有可能的饥饿威胁呢?
whyweretheyswayedbyonestorysomuchmorethantheother?lookedatfromthisangle,theirsbecomesastoryaboutreading.thenovelistvladimirnabokovsaidthatthebestreaderhasacombinationoftwoverydifferenttemperaments,theartisticandthescientific.
为什么他们会被一个故事影响如此之大呢?从另一个角度来看，这是一个关于解读的故事。小说家弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(vladimirnabokov)说最好的读者能把两种截然不同的性格结合起来，一个是艺术气质，一个是科学精神。
agoodreaderhasanartist'spassion,awillingnesstogetcaughtupinthestory,butjustasimportantly,thereadersalsoneedsthecoolnessofjudgmentofascientist,whichactstotemperandcomplicatethereader'sintuitivereactionstothestory.aswe'veseen,themenoftheessexhadnotroublewiththeartisticpart.
好的读者有艺术家的热情，愿意融入故事当中，但是同样重要的是，这些读者还要有科学家的冷静判断，这能帮助他们稳定情绪并分析其对故事的直觉反应。我们可以看出来，essex上的人在艺术部分一点问题都没有。
theydreamedupavarietyofhorrifyingscenarios.theproblemwasthattheylistenedtothewrongstory.ofallthenarrativestheirfearswrote,theyrespondedonlytothemostlurid,themostvivid,theonethatwaseasiestfortheirimaginationstopicture:cannibals.
他们梦想到一系列恐怖的场景。问题在于他们听从了一个错误的故事。所有他们恐惧中他们只对其中最耸人听闻，最生动的故事，也是他们想象中最早出现的场景：食人族。
butperhapsifthey'dbeenabletoreadtheirfearsmorelikeascientist,withmorecoolnessofjudgment,theywouldhavelistenedinsteadtothelessviolentbutthemorelikelytale,thestoryofstarvation,andheadedfortahiti,justasmelville'ssadcommentarysuggests.
也许，如果他们能像科学家那样稍微冷静一点解读这个故事，如果他们能听从不太惊悚但是更可能发生的半路饿死的故事，他们可能就会直奔塔西提群岛，如梅尔维尔充满惋惜的评论所建议的那样。
andmaybeifwealltriedtoreadourfears,wetoowouldbelessoftenswayedbythemostsalaciousamongthem.
也许如果我们都试着解读自己的恐惧，我们就能少被其中的一些幻象所迷惑。
maybethenwe'dspendlesstimeworryingaboutserialkillersandplanecrashes,andmoretimeconcernedwiththesubtlerandslowerdisastersweface:thesilentbuildupofplaqueinourarteries,thegradualchangesinourclimate.
我们也就能少花一点时间在为系列杀手或者飞机失事方面的担忧，而是更多的关心那些悄然而至的灾难：动脉血小板的逐渐堆积，气候的逐渐变迁。
justasthemostnuancedstoriesinliteratureareoftentherichest,sotoomightoursubtlestfearsbethetruest.readintherightway,ourfearsareanamazinggiftoftheimagination,akindofeverydayclairvoyance,awayofglimpsingwhatmightbethefuturewhenthere'sstilltimetoinfluencehowthatfuturewillplayout.
如同文学中最精妙的故事通常是最丰富的故事，我们最细微的恐惧才是最真实的恐惧。用正确的方法的解读，我们的恐惧就是我们想象力赐给我们的礼物，借此一双慧眼，让我们能管窥未来甚至影响未来。
properlyread,ourfearscanofferussomethingaspreciousasourfavoriteworksofliterature:alittlewisdom,abitofinsightandaversionofthatmostelusivething--thetruth.thankyou.
如果能得到正确的解读，我们的恐惧能和我们最喜欢的文学作品一样给我们珍贵的东西：一点点智慧，一点点洞悉以及对最玄妙东西——真相的诠释。谢谢。
(applause)
(掌声)
TED英文演讲稿：内向性格的力量ted英文演讲稿（3）|返回目录wheniwasnineyearsoldiwentofftosummercampforthefirsttime.andmymotherpackedmeasuitcasefullofbooks,whichtomeseemedlikeaperfectlynaturalthingtodo.becauseinmyfamily,readingwastheprimarygroupactivity.andthismightsoundantisocialtoyou,butforusitwasreallyjustadifferentwayofbeingsocial.youhavetheanimalwarmthofyourfamilysittingrightnexttoyou,butyouarealsofreetogoroamingaroundtheadventurelandinsideyourownmind.andihadthisideathatcampwasgoingtobejustlikethis,butbetter.(laughter)ihadavisionof10girlssittinginacabincozilyreadingbooksintheirmatchingnightgowns.
(laughter)
campwasmorelikeakegpartywithoutanyalcohol.andontheveryfirstdayourcounselorgatheredusalltogetherandshetaughtusacheerthatshesaidwewouldbedoingeverydayfortherestofthesummertoinstillcampspirit.anditwentlikethis:"r-o-w-d-i-e,that'sthewaywespellrowdie.rowdie,rowdie,let'sgetrowdie."yeah.soicouldn'tfigureoutforthelifeofmewhyweweresupposedtobesorowdy,orwhywehadtospellthiswordincorrectly.(laughter)butirecitedacheer.irecitedacheeralongwitheverybodyelse.ididmybest.andijustwaitedforthetimethaticouldgooffandreadmybooks.
butthefirsttimethatitookmybookoutofmysuitcase,thecoolestgirlinthebunkcameuptomeandsheaskedme,"whyareyoubeingsomellow?"--mellow,ofcourse,beingtheexactoppositeofr-o-w-d-i-e.andthenthesecondtimeitriedit,thecounselorcameuptomewithaconcernedexpressiononherfaceandsherepeatedthepointaboutcampspiritandsaidweshouldallworkveryhardtobeoutgoing.
andsoiputmybooksaway,backintheirsuitcase,andiputthemundermybed,andtheretheystayedfortherestofthesummer.andifeltkindofguiltyaboutthis.ifeltasifthebooksneededmesomehow,andtheywerecallingouttomeandiwasforsakingthem.butididforsakethemandididn'topenthatsuitcaseagainuntiliwasbackhomewithmyfamilyattheendofthesummer.
now,itellyouthisstoryaboutsummercamp.icouldhavetoldyou50othersjustlikeit--allthetimesthatigotthemessagethatsomehowmyquietandintrovertedstyleofbeingwasnotnecessarilytherightwaytogo,thatishouldbetryingtopassasmoreofanextrovert.andialwayssenseddeepdownthatthiswaswrongandthatintrovertswereprettyexcellentjustastheywere.butforyearsideniedthisintuition,andsoibecameawallstreetlawyer,ofallthings,insteadofthewriterthatihadalwayslongedtobe--partlybecauseineededtoprovetomyselfthaticouldbeboldandassertivetoo.andiwasalwaysgoingofftocrowdedbarswhenireallywouldhavepreferredtojusthaveanicedinnerwithfriends.andimadetheseself-negatingchoicessoreflexively,thatiwasn'tevenawarethatiwasmakingthem.
nowthisiswhatmanyintrovertsdo,andit'sourlossforsure,butitisalsoourcolleagues'lossandourcommunities'loss.andattheriskofsoundinggrandiose,itistheworld'sloss.becausewhenitcomestocreativityandtoleadership,weneedintrovertsdoingwhattheydobest.athirdtoahalfofthepopulationareintroverts--athirdtoahalf.sothat'soneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.soevenifyou'reanextrovertyourself,i'mtalkingaboutyourcoworkersandyourspousesandyourchildrenandthepersonsittingnexttoyourightnow--allofthemsubjecttothisbiasthatisprettydeepandrealinoursociety.weallinternalizeitfromaveryearlyagewithoutevenhavingalanguageforwhatwe'redoing.
nowtoseethebiasclearlyyouneedtounderstandwhatintroversionis.it'sdifferentfrombeingshy.shynessisaboutfearofsocialjudgment.introversionismoreabout,howdoyourespondtostimulation,includingsocialstimulation.soextrovertsreallycravelargeamountsofstimulation,whereasintrovertsfeelattheirmostaliveandtheirmostswitched-onandtheirmostcapablewhenthey'reinquieter,morelow-keyenvironments.notallthetime--thesethingsaren'tabsolute--butalotofthetime.sothekeythentomaximizingourtalentsisforusalltoputourselvesinthezoneofstimulationthatisrightforus.
butnowhere'swherethebiascomesin.ourmostimportantinstitutions,ourschoolsandourworkplaces,theyaredesignedmostlyforextrovertsandforextroverts'needforlotsofstimulation.andalsowehavethisbeliefsystemrightnowthaticallthenewgroupthink,whichholdsthatallcreativityandallproductivitycomesfromaveryoddlygregariousplace.
soifyoupicturethetypicalclassroomnowadays:wheniwasgoingtoschool,wesatinrows.wesatinrowsofdeskslikethis,andwedidmostofourworkprettyautonomously.butnowadays,yourtypicalclassroomhaspodsofdesks--fourorfiveorsixorsevenkidsallfacingeachother.andkidsareworkingincountlessgroupassignments.eveninsubjectslikemathandcreativewriting,whichyouthinkwoulddependonsoloflightsofthought,kidsarenowexpectedtoactascommitteemembers.andforthekidswhoprefertogooffbythemselvesorjusttoworkalone,thosekidsareseenasoutliersoftenor,worse,asproblemcases.andthevastmajorityofteachersreportsbelievingthattheidealstudentisanextrovertasopposedtoanintrovert,eventhoughintrovertsactuallygetbettergradesandaremoreknowledgeable,accordingtoresearch.(laughter)
okay,samethingistrueinourworkplaces.now,mostofusworkinopenplanoffices,withoutwalls,wherewearesubjecttotheconstantnoiseandgazeofourcoworkers.andwhenitcomestoleadership,introvertsareroutinelypassedoverforleadershippositions,eventhoughintrovertstendtobeverycareful,muchlesslikelytotakeoutsizerisks--whichissomethingwemightallfavornowadays.andinterestingresearchbyadamgrantatthewhartonschoolhasfoundthatintrovertedleadersoftendeliverbetteroutcomesthanextrovertsdo,becausewhentheyaremanagingproactiveemployees,they'remuchmorelikelytoletthoseemployeesrunwiththeirideas,whereasanextrovertcan,quiteunwittingly,getsoexcitedaboutthingsthatthey'reputtingtheirownstamponthings,andotherpeople'sideasmightnotaseasilythenbubbleuptothesurface.
nowinfact,someofourtransformativeleadersinhistoryhavebeenintroverts.i'llgiveyousomeexamples.eleanorroosevelt,rosaparks,gandhi--allthesepeopleddescribedthemselvesasquietandsoft-spokenandevenshy.andtheyalltookthespotlight,eventhougheveryboneintheirbodieswastellingthemnotto.andthisturnsouttohaveaspecialpowerallitsown,becausepeoplecouldfeelthattheseleaderswereatthehelm,notbecausetheyenjoyeddirectingothersandnotoutofthepleasureofbeinglookedat;theyweretherebecausetheyhadnochoice,becausetheyweredriventodowhattheythoughtwasright.
nowithinkatthispointit'simportantformetosaythatiactuallyloveextroverts.ialwaysliketosaysomeofmybestfriendsareextroverts,includingmybelovedhusband.andweallfallatdifferentpoints,ofcourse,alongtheintrovert/extrovertspectrum.evencarljung,thepsychologistwhofirstpopularizedtheseterms,saidthatthere'snosuchthingasapureintrovertorapureextrovert.hesaidthatsuchamanwouldbeinalunaticasylum,ifheexistedatall.andsomepeoplefallsmackinthemiddleoftheintrovert/extrovertspectrum,andwecallthesepeopleambiverts.andioftenthinkthattheyhavethebestofallworlds.butmanyofusdorecognizeourselvesasonetypeortheother.
andwhati'msayingisthatculturallyweneedamuchbetterbalance.weneedmoreofayinandyangbetweenthesetwotypes.thisisespeciallyimportantwhenitcomestocreativityandtoproductivity,becausewhenpsychologistslookatthelivesofthemostcreativepeople,whattheyfindarepeoplewhoareverygoodatexchangingideasandadvancingideas,butwhoalsohaveaseriousstreakofintroversioninthem.
andthisisbecausesolitudeisacrucialingredientoftentocreativity.sodarwin,hetooklongwalksaloneinthewoodsandemphaticallyturneddowndinnerpartyinvitations.theodorgeisel,betterknownasdr.seuss,hedreamedupmanyofhisamazingcreationsinalonelybelltowerofficethathehadinthebackofhishouseinlajolla,california.andhewasactuallyafraidtomeettheyoungchildrenwhoreadhisbooksforfearthattheywereexpectinghimthiskindofjollysantaclaus-likefigureandwouldbedisappointedwithhismorereservedpersona.stevewozniakinventedthefirstapplecomputersittingaloneinhiscubicalinhewlett-packardwherehewasworkingatthetime.andhesaysthatheneverwouldhavebecomesuchanexpertinthefirstplacehadhenotbeentoointrovertedtoleavethehousewhenhewasgrowingup.
nowofcourse,thisdoesnotmeanthatweshouldallstopcollaborating--andcaseinpoint,isstevewozniakfamouslycomingtogetherwithstevejobstostartapplecomputer--butitdoesmeanthatsolitudemattersandthatforsomepeopleitistheairthattheybreathe.andinfact,wehaveknownforcenturiesaboutthetranscendentpowerofsolitude.it'sonlyrecentlythatwe'vestrangelybeguntoforgetit.ifyoulookatmostoftheworld'smajorreligions,youwillfindseekers--moses,jesus,buddha,muhammad--seekerswhoaregoingoffbythemselvesalonetothewildernesswheretheythenhaveprofoundepiphaniesandrevelationsthattheythenbringbacktotherestofthecommunity.sonowilderness,norevelations.
thisisnosurprisethoughifyoulookattheinsightsofcontemporarypsychology.itturnsoutthatwecan'tevenbeinagroupofpeoplewithoutinstinctivelymirroring,mimickingtheiropinions.evenaboutseeminglypersonalandvisceralthingslikewhoyou'reattractedto,youwillstartapingthebeliefsofthepeoplearoundyouwithoutevenrealizingthatthat'swhatyou'redoing.
andgroupsfamouslyfollowtheopinionsofthemostdominantorcharismaticpersonintheroom,eventhoughthere'szerocorrelationbetweenbeingthebesttalkerandhavingthebestideas--imeanzero.so...(laughter)youmightbefollowingthepersonwiththebestideas,butyoumightnot.anddoyoureallywanttoleaveituptochance?muchbetterforeverybodytogooffbythemselves,generatetheirownideasfreedfromthedistortionsofgroupdynamics,andthencometogetherasateamtotalkthemthroughinawell-managedenvironmentandtakeitfromthere.
nowifallthisistrue,thenwhyarewegettingitsowrong?whyarewesettingupourschoolsthiswayandourworkplaces?andwhyarewemakingtheseintrovertsfeelsoguiltyaboutwantingtojustgooffbythemselvessomeofthetime?oneanswerliesdeepinourculturalhistory.westernsocieties,andinparticulartheu.s.,havealwaysfavoredthemanofactionoverthemanofcontemplationand"man"ofcontemplation.butinamerica'searlydays,welivedinwhathistorianscallacultureofcharacter,wherewestill,atthatpoint,valuedpeoplefortheirinnerselvesandtheirmoralrectitude.andifyoulookattheself-helpbooksfromthisera,theyallhadtitleswiththingslike"character,thegrandestthingintheworld."andtheyfeaturedrolemodelslikeabrahamlincolnwhowaspraisedforbeingmodestandunassuming.ralphwaldoemersoncalledhim"amanwhodoesnotoffendbysuperiority."
butthenwehitthe20thcenturyandweenteredanewculturethathistorianscallthecultureofpersonality.whathappenediswehadevolvedanagriculturaleconomytoaworldofbigbusiness.andsosuddenlypeoplearemovingfromsmalltownstothecities.andinsteadofworkingalongsidepeoplethey'veknownalltheirlives,nowtheyarehavingtoprovethemselvesinacrowdofstrangers.so,quiteunderstandably,qualitieslikemagnetismandcharismasuddenlycometoseemreallyimportant.andsureenough,theself-helpbookschangetomeetthesenewneedsandtheystarttohavenameslike"howtowinfriendsandinfluencepeople."andtheyfeatureastheirrolemodelsreallygreatsalesmen.sothat'stheworldwe'relivingintoday.that'sourculturalinheritance.
nownoneofthisistosaythatsocialskillsareunimportant,andi'malsonotcallingfortheabolishingofteamworkatall.thesamereligionswhosendtheirsagesofftolonelymountaintopsalsoteachusloveandtrust.andtheproblemsthatwearefacingtodayinfieldslikescienceandineconomicsaresovastandsocomplexthatwearegoingtoneedarmiesofpeoplecomingtogethertosolvethemworkingtogether.butiamsayingthatthemorefreedomthatwegiveintrovertstobethemselves,themorelikelythattheyaretocomeupwiththeirownuniquesolutionstotheseproblems.
sonowi'dliketosharewithyouwhat'sinmysuitcasetoday.guesswhat?books.ihaveasuitcasefullofbooks.here'smargaretatwood,"cat'seye."here'sanovelbymilankundera.andhere's"theguidefortheperplexed"bymaimonides.butthesearenotexactlymybooks.ibroughtthesebookswithmebecausetheywerewrittenbymygrandfather'sfavoriteauthors.
mygrandfatherwasarabbiandhewasawidowerwholivedaloneinasmallapartmentinbrooklynthatwasmyfavoriteplaceintheworldwheniwasgrowingup,partlybecauseitwasfilledwithhisverygentle,verycourtlypresenceandpartlybecauseitwasfilledwithbooks.imeanliterallyeverytable,everychairinthisapartmenthadyieldeditsoriginalfunctiontonowserveasasurfaceforswayingstacksofbooks.justliketherestofmyfamily,mygrandfather'sfavoritethingtodointhewholeworldwastoread.
buthealsolovedhiscongregation,andyoucouldfeelthisloveinthesermonsthathegaveeveryweekforthe62yearsthathewasarabbi.hewouldtakesthefruitsofeachweek'sreadingandhewouldweavetheseintricatetapestriesofancientandhumanistthought.andpeoplewouldcomefromallovertohearhimspeak.
buthere'sthethingaboutmygrandfather.underneaththisceremonialrole,hewasreallymodestandreallyintroverted--somuchsothatwhenhedeliveredthesesermons,hehadtroublemakingeyecontactwiththeverysamecongregationthathehadbeenspeakingtofor62years.andevenawayfromthepodium,whenyoucalledhimtosayhello,hewouldoftenendtheconversationprematurelyforfearthathewastakinguptoomuchofyourtime.butwhenhediedattheageof94,thepolicehadtoclosedownthestreetsofhisneighborhoodtoaccommodatethecrowdofpeoplewhocameouttomournhim.andsothesedaysitrytolearnfrommygrandfather'sexampleinmyownway.
soijustpublishedabookaboutintroversion,andittookmeaboutsevenyearstowrite.andforme,thatsevenyearswasliketotalbliss,becauseiwasreading,iwaswriting,iwasthinking,iwasresearching.itwasmyversionofmygrandfather'shoursofthedayaloneinhislibrary.butnowallofasuddenmyjobisverydifferent,andmyjobistobeoutheretalkingaboutit,talkingaboutintroversion.(laughter)andthat'salotharderforme,becauseashonoredasiamtobeherewithallofyourightnow,thisisnotmynaturalmilieu.
soipreparedformomentsliketheseasbesticould.ispentthelastyearpracticingpublicspeakingeverychanceicouldget.andicallthismy"yearofspeakingdangerously."(laughter)andthatactuallyhelpedalot.buti'lltellyou,whathelpsevenmoreismysense,mybelief,myhopethatwhenitcomestoourattitudestointroversionandtoquietandtosolitude,wetrulyarepoisedonthebrinkondramaticchange.imean,weare.andsoiamgoingtoleaveyounowwiththreecallsforactionforthosewhosharethisvision.
numberone:stopthemadnessforconstantgroupwork.juststopit.(laughter)thankyou.(applause)andiwanttobeclearaboutwhati'msaying,becauseideeplybelieveourofficesshouldbeencouragingcasual,chattycafe-styletypesofinteractions--youknow,thekindwherepeoplecometogetherandserendipitouslyhaveanexchangeofideas.thatisgreat.it'sgreatforintrovertsandit'sgreatforextroverts.butweneedmuchmoreprivacyandmuchmorefreedomandmuchmoreautonomyatwork.school,samething.weneedtobeteachingkidstoworktogether,forsure,butwealsoneedtobeteachingthemhowtoworkontheirown.thisisespeciallyimportantforextrovertedchildrentoo.theyneedtoworkontheirownbecausethatiswheredeepthoughtcomesfrominpart.
okay,numbertwo:gotothewilderness.belikebuddha,haveyourownrevelations.i'mnotsayingthatweallhavetonowgooffandbuildourowncabinsinthewoodsandnevertalktoeachotheragain,butiamsayingthatwecouldallstandtounplugandgetinsideourownheadsalittlemoreoften.
numberthree:takeagoodlookatwhat'sinsideyourownsuitcaseandwhyyouputitthere.soextroverts,maybeyoursuitcasesarealsofullofbooks.ormaybethey'refullofchampagneglassesorskydivingequipment.whateveritis,ihopeyoutakethesethingsouteverychanceyougetandgraceuswithyourenergyandyourjoy.butintroverts,youbeingyou,youprobablyhavetheimpulsetoguardverycarefullywhat'sinsideyourownsuitcase.andthat'sokay.butoccasionally,justoccasionally,ihopeyouwillopenupyoursuitcasesforotherpeopletosee,becausetheworldneedsyouanditneedsthethingsyoucarry.
soiwishyouthebestofallpossiblejourneysandthecouragetospeaksoftly.
thankyouverymuch.
(applause)
thankyou.thankyou.
TED英文演讲稿：Whyyouwillfailtohaveagreatcareer
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